18-IV.
From history of the fuchsias - Part IV |
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Pict.25 F.simplicicaulis - 'Curtis's
Bot. Mag.', plate 5096 |
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F.simplicicaulis
R.& P. [Curtis's
Bot.Mag., plate 5096 [see
Pict.25], and Flore des Serres, plate 1388,
[see Pict.26]
en
F.apetala
R. & P.
were
imported from Peru.
Lastnamed looks - external - like
F.serratifolia,
while this one with
his nice large flowers without corolla and with rosered green tipped
sepals, is a species apart.
In 1849 was
F.apetala
sold by the piece by Linden
still for 6 2/3 thaler. The cultivar
'Meillezi',
which is of a more late importdate, has terrible
little, but numerous splendid purple flowers of no more than 3 line
length.
Under the fuchsias which you besides the allready
enumerated still come across in the catalogues of the florists, are
there very many varieties, such as
'Corallina'
Hort. Laur.,F.longiflora
Sweet,
F.virgata Sweet,
F.linearifolia
Hort.,
F.parviflora
Lindl.,
and still other ones, of which opeople absolute
not know to indicate if they are species or cultivars, In 1853
stand in the catalogues of Linden
as new species still
F.cinnabarina
granadensis
and
F.verticilata.
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Still more
than the true species of the generation 'fuchsia',
it were the cultivars coming from that, which create a
furore as ornamental plants. Right yet
by the so diverge external and the
differeent flowering of this species - you compare in this respect for
example F.microphylla
with
F.corymbiflora - was
the motive of bringing out of new forms
was given of itself. That new forms - hybrids or
cultivars - we try to follow after this still in double
respect for so far it concerns the form and the colour.
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a secure examination of that flowers, we notice,
that their colour notwithstanding the many differences in length,
remains fair constant. On a now once to one
teint, than again to the other teint of the red inclining sepals,
match mostly blue sepals, while both -
besides some exceptions - to name
dark.. About
the structure of the flowers it
attract that, together with their colour, it is to notice that at the
same time with their colour, has increased in perfection,
So are under the influence of the general
tendency of the mode, the crinoline-formed flowers come to light, though
at the other side their isn't to discern, that the just limits of the
elegantly by each new product of the cultivating-art aren't always
remained saved. |
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From
a perfect fuchsia, people want that the format of its sepals and
corolla is standing in a just proportion of
the length of its stamens; that the sepals aren't to small, neither
are bad placed and besides that are backwards curved ,or at least
are distanted of each other, that the
corollaleaves can been distinguished clear. The colour of the
corolla-leaves had to be in harmony with those of the sepals
and yet they must mark out not too little by that. Sometimes it
has also happens, that otherwise than the normal purple anthers, this
had taken a goldyellow colour.
What real contributed till the beauty. That was in
1865 the matter with a cultivar of Boucharlat,
a crossing with
F.microphilla,
which has goldyellow anthers.
The
English have been the first one, that by breeding cultivars under the
fuchsias, have opened themself a riche source of income. After the
import of F.fulgens, F.splendens, F.cordifolia, F.serratifolia
etc., they began to schove
aside the old varieties with on it that little flowers and to sell the
descendants of the new ones against high prices on the fast country
of Europe;
while they afterthat knew
to get by crossing nice
cultivars, for which soon was spent as much
money as earlier for a good dahlia. |
Afb.26 F.simplicicaulis - 'Flore des Serres' , plaat 1388 |
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Till in 1837 people hadn't prestate further than
breeding of some new forms of
F.globosa
and
F.conica;
but after the import of
F.fulgens
the artificial fertilization was
undertaken on wide scale and so became species again
crossed with other of still newer import. However
soon the French nurserymen began to press the footmark of the English
and there came into existence between both a match to which
special participate Salte in
Versailles, Miellez, Nagel and
Warscewicz. |
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The first English cultivars were coming from of
F.globosa
and
F.fulgens
and
at the time they were sold on the fast country in
Hamburg, Flottbeck and Frankfurt
for 10½ shilling, notwithstanding
F.coccinea
even in the begin of the 18th century more than about
1 guilder costed and the real
species also now adays were paid with no more than 10 ą 15
pennies and novelties were paid with maximum
2 guilders . Though
allready in 1842 were sold by Boeckmann
in Hamburg 12 of the newest
cultivars for 9 Marks,
and 25 other cultivars
following choice of the suppliers for total
7 Marks. The first German cultivars were obtained by
Boeckmann
by pollinating of
F.globosa,
and by Warscewicz
by pollinating of
F longiflora, F.reflexa,
'Harrisonii', 'Mutabilis',
F.virgata,'Fargetti'
and
other ones with the pollen of
F.fulgens.
Warscewicz
made to that the notice, that the cultivars take
the external of the father,
but take the the leaves and flowers of the mother. |
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Pict.27
'Prince Albert' - Source of this plate
unknown, |
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Pict.28
'Constellation' - 'Floricult Cab.', plate 73 |
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Under the cultivars of English origine special it
was achieved a great succes
'Chandler',
'Standishii',
'Fulgens dependens'
and
'Fulgens Hartwegianus';
the same was the matter with'Fintelmanni' and
'Koopmanni'
of Boeckmann
and with
'Bertrami'
and
'Bergemanni'
of Warscewicz,
of which the first one was made in 1841
from
'Harrissonii'
and
F.fulgens,
and the last one for what concerned the form of her
flowers was a reflection of the remarkable
F. integrifolia Lindl. In 1842
were produced bySmith in
Dalton also nice mestiezen
[that are
crossings grown from parents that are species],
which however came in for its turn surpassed by
'Prince Albert', [see
Pict.27,
source is unknown), which was come into
existence by Brown
from
F.globosa
x F.fulgens. |
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To this cultivar was given the preference by the English
nurserymen above
'St.Clare'
from Menham, gardener of
colonel
Harcourt
of St. Clare on the Isle of Man,
notwithstanding Lindley
this fuchsia named the most beautiful under the varieties of
the generation fuchsia. In 1843 was paid by
'Prince Albert'
and
'St. Clare'
between the
6 and 7 guilders each. In
1844 and 1845 people was going to
use F. corymbiflora to get new varieties. As the
most beautifull varieties of them people names
'Constellation'
[ Floricult. Cab.,
plate 73, see
Pict. 28] of the
nurseryman Miller
in Ramsgate,
'Coccinea Vera'
from
Smith
and
'Venus Victrix'
[ Floricult. Cab.,
plate 169, see Pict.29].
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From that moment the produce of intermediate forms grow
such that the nurseryman
De
Jonghe in Brussel, felt
himself enable to state in 1846 still a
considerable number of groups of 50 of the nicest varieties to
offer for sale. Under this fifty he praised as
the most beautyfull
'Duchess of Sutherland',
grown
in 1845 by
Gaine . |
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When
people also had inserted
F.macrostemma
in
the crossings, the field in the choice become larger,
as can be evident from anumeration of 150 varieties,
praised by Bosse
in 1849 as excellentdoor.
The event
that caused on it in the following years the most motion, was the
annoncemen of the English nurseryman Story,
that he succeeded in growing
fuchsias with white corollas. Well he disapointed the public more or
less of the first obtained specimen the poverty of the flowering,
but the trust that in it would come a change
- that happens lateron indeed - tempered that disappointment in a
large measure. Cast we a glance at the
coming in excistence of the palecoloured fuchsias in general. |
Pict.29
'Venus Victrix' - 'Floricult Cab.', plate
169 |
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Pict.30
Left above:'Striata' - 'Florist', plate 632 |
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The first
attempts of getting palecoloured fuchsias, answered in the beginning not
at all to the expectation. Well the cultivar
'Chandleri'
distinguished in 1840
with flowers of a peach-red colour, and people saw to
bear
'Adonis'
of Broeckmann
in 1841 carrying palish-rosered sepals with white
tips, but yet it wasn't before 1843 that
the English, and first Youell,
came to light with fuchsias,
that had total white sepals,
and by which the contrast between this and the blue corolla did have a
surprising effect. The first fuchsia with white sepals was
christened
'Venus
Victrix' [ Floricult. Cab.,
plat 169, see
Pict.29]
and this one was coming from
Youell. |
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Now people had brought it once till so far,
they began covered themself up varieties fuchsias with white
corollas. In the beginning that effort seem not
to succeed, while people couldn't bring it further than flesh-coloured,
lightred and lightblue corollas, ('Incarnata'
from Smith,
'Scaramouche'
from Meillez).
At least after ten years starying, in 1854 the variety
'Mrs. Story'
proved that
people had won the thing; and now it last no long
if there were produced special in the nursery of Cornelissen analoge
varieties in free large numbers. In 1856 there
were introduced the fuchsias with striped corollas
'Gloire de
Russelsheim'
and
'Striata'
[Pict.30]
and something lateron were introduced those with dotted
sepals. However the efforts to grow fuchsias with
yellow sepals and corollas failed till now.
'Souvenir
de Leipzig'
from Cornelissen
can been considered at highest as a cultivar with dirty
white colours. |
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All
these novelties of the fast country worked out very unfavourable on the
sale of fuchsias from England, though it isn't to
deny that under the at least 100 variėties
that in 1858 and 1859,
and the 60 variėties
that in 1860 and 1861
were brought into commerce by German and French
nurserymen, Yet the products of
Banks -for
example
'Souvenir de Chiswick' -
obtained the palm of victory. |
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About the
structure of the fuchsia-flower there is to notice, that the
striked back sepals of nature were met seldom and than only by varieties
with little flowers. An example of it is
F.lycioides.
Normaly the
sepals are more or less
denrawn aside,
and they reached at highest a horizontal position. Four
sepals, of nature standing up straight and more
or less spirally turned on each other, they shut in. The effort of
florists to grow wider opened and more bell-shaped spread corollas and
striked back sepals, is crowned for firstnamed
between the years 1840 and 1850,
and for lastnamed between the years 1850 and 1860
with a favourable result. In
1860 there was even presented byTwerdy -
a German nurseryman - a fuchsia variety of which the
sepals weren't only curved outwards, but which were literally rolled up.
He named this one'Franz
Jozef I'. |
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The year 1847
hold an famous place in the history of the fuchsias.
Till that time the flowers of mestieven (crossings
from out cultivars), obtained from seed,
never shined otherwise than by their format or colour;
till at least the nurseryman
Bruneau from
Paris under a sown of fuchsias found a specimen, by
which the flower parts - a number of 20 till
24 - were placed in an amazing confusion.
This monstrous flowers now opened the prospect, that
soon people could obtain well formed double fuchsias. And that hope
became than also realised in the first part of the sixth decennium of
the 19th century. |
(Will
be
continued in Part V) |
'Gelderse Fuchsia Info-site'-
November 2008 |
