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Making fuchsia crossbreedings according to a choosen aim |
To Dutch version
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than 15000 fuchsia varieties indicate allready that making crossings of this plant mostly
isn't difficult. Meanwhile some thousands of this varieties are put no longer in
circulation. And often is that because of the fact, that they qua flowers and appearance,
only hardly new aspects of quality as an other colour gradation, an other format from the
flower or the way of growing, added to the fuchsia collection. Many of the lost ones
are come into existence from crossbreeding-parents, that are crossed together without a
directed aim of the crossbreeder. But an authentic crossbreeder of fuchsias, who will
bring succeeded and believed novelties on market, works in an other way. To attains his
object he works with an choosen aim and that asks from him first study
and lateron often much patience. But the finely obtaining of his choosen aim, that
just is now the 'kick' of the improvement. |
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article tries to bring in picture the method of making crossings following a choosen
aim. The in picture brought crossings are thinked of and executed by Hans van
Aspert, the author of the article serie 'Tried out for you'. And as you can read
after this, a number of them has resulted in new varieties that gives satisfaction to the
choosen aim of the author. This crossings are meanwhile approved by the VKC in Aalsmeer
and you find them in the cadre article
'Jasper' may not, do me than
more 'Jaspers Donderstraal' . After the working-out from four of his choosen aims,
you learns his method by the preparing of a program of making crossings.
At the end of the article he tells about the manner of performing a crossing.
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Choosen aim 1 - Large double red flowers |
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my first performed crossing with a choosen aim. There seem to be namely more very little
fuchsias with a large red flower. First we choose now with wath 'mother' and wath
'father' plant our choosen aim could succeed. |
| As 'mother' I choose
'Mephisto' , for pollination will care 'father''White King' . From
'Mephisto' the crossbreedingparents are F.lycioides x 'Mrs.W.Rundle'.
F.lycioides is a species and 'Mrs.W.Rundle' has as crossbreedingparents
'Earl of Beaconsfield'x'Lady Heytesbury'. Crossbreedingparents of
'Earl of Beaconsfield' are F.fulgens x 'Perfection'. From
father'White King' however are the crossbreedingparents unknown. The only point
of contact to become till a large red flower is the robust format of'White King'
and the red flower of 'Mephisto'. |
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1.'Jaspers
Vlammetje' is a fuchsia - recent approved by VKC - with
standup clusters of flowers. |
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detrimental for the aimed result is the fact that'Mephisto' has come into
existence out of different forefathers and that the forefathers of'White King'
are unknown. Both facts are not favourable of making crossings with a choosen aim. It
isn't amazing that there between the 130 sowings of this crossing, well were double
flowers in several combinations of colours, but there was no one 'large double with red
flowers'. Among them there were well with attractive flowers, among them was the by VKC
approved 'Jaspers Donderstraal'. Conclusion: choosen aim 1
didn't succeed. |
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Choosen aim 2 - Hardy's with large white flower |
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collection tried out varieties hardys on the testing ground in Velp, there is still one
variety with large white flowers. More hardy's with large white flowers would be
desirable. As 'mother'was chosen the Ned-H3 hardy'Whiteknights Pearl' , as
'father' performs the duties of the also Ned-H3 hardy'Annabel'. |
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| 2.'White'
x 'white' = by definition not always white - Three sowings of 'Annabel' (to the
left above) x 'Whiteknights Pearl' (to the left under). Right above and to the right under
red/purple sowings not brought in circulation. |
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Crossbreedingparents
of'Whiteknights Pearl' are F.mag. molinea 'alba' x 'Whiteknights
Blush' (both Ned-H3 hardys). Crossbreedingparents of'Annabel' are 'Ingram
Maid'x'Nancy Lou'. From the parents and grandparents the flowers are almost
preponderant white and you may expect that Coosen aim 2 would deliver varieties with white
flowers. But pict.2 shows that there came out principally varieties with
red/purple flowers. The red/purple in the centre is well a novelty, because of the
remarkable brown and yellow colour of the leaves. A fuchsia with this colour of the leaves
still doesn't excist. Probable this one will be introduced in 2003 because of his
exceptional colours of the leaves. . |
| Conclusion: Crossing white x white so
delivers not without doubt a new white variety. And choosen aim 2 didn't
succeed. |
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Choosen aim 3 - Triphylla in one colour white |
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white triphyllas - 'Our Ted' and 'Challenger' - are difficult to breed
up fuchsias and it is possible there are allready no plants of them to become.? As parents
for the 'mother' of the white triphylla it is considered one of the varieties triphyllas ,
that are direct descendant of the difficult breeding species F.triphylla , such
as 'Thalia', 'Koralle' or 'Göttingen'. 'Thalia' and 'Koralle'
seem to be not fertile, so we choose as 'mother' plant 'Göttingen'.
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choose F.magel. molinea 'alba', 'Hawkshead' or 'Whiteknights Pearl'.
Out of the crossing 'Göttingen'x F.magel. molinea 'alba' there excist
all plants with flowers of which the tubes were red, the white of the 'fatherplant' wasn't
obvious passed on. Also seemed that all sowings out of it are sterile, so there couldn't
breed longer with this sowings. And making the crossing with changed parents didn't also
succeed. The crossing 'Göttingen'x'Whiteknights Pearl' delivers the
same result. only the sowings were now dwarf shrubs. It is remarkable that of 'Whiteknights
Pearl' one of the forefathers is F.fulgens rubra grandiflora, a large plant
with large leaves and long flowers. And yet there is obvious an element in it that has a
negative effect on the growth of the sowings (dwarfshrubs). |
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| 3.'Jaspers
Druppeltje' - Meanwhile also imported in Japan. Photo is found on the
website http://www.fuchsia.jp/ |
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| Between
these 90 sowings there was well an attractive dwarfshrub with fierce red flowers in the
the form of a drop and it is put in circulation with the name'Jaspers Druppeltje'
. Conclusion: choosen aim 3 'triphylla in one colour white', didn't
succeed. |
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Choosen aim 4 - Triphylla in aubergine colour |
| Here is choosen as
mother'Göttingen' and as father the aubergine coloured 'Whiteknights
Amethist'. Favourable result with lastnamed can been expected, while the parents of
this one remains close by species fuchsias (F.magellanic molinea 'alba' x F.excorticata).
The seed of this crossing germinated bad. Of the three sowings out of it there remained
only one. These one remained sowing growed out, flowered and branched well. The long
tubelous flower is total aubergine coloured. While the leaves aren't red-hairy (the leaf
looks a like that of 'Whiteknights Amethist') it isn't a real triphylla. |
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4.All three with the same mother - Above: 'Göttingen'x
F.fulgens variegata became'Jaspers Vlammetje' ; in the
middle: 'Göttingen'x'Whiteknights Pearl' became 'Jaspers
Druppeltje' and under: 'Göttingen'x'Whiteknights Amethist'
became 'Jaspers Lange Jaap'. |
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| But this
variety with the name'Jaspers Lange Jaap' had to winter as a triphylla: by
minimum 10°C, standing in the light and moisty; try to hold then the plant growing.
Conclusion: choosen aim 4 'Triphylla in aubergine colour' is succeeded. |
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Preparing a program of making crossings |
He who occupies himself seriously with improving fuchsias, begins with
making a crossings program on paper, what is a specific work for in winter. Plants of
varieties, that are not in own collection and that are necessery as mother and father
plant, best can procured in spring.
Don't think by
choosing mother/father plants too 'rectilinear'. For example: 'white variety'x'white
variety' gives white. That is not always the case. So was between the 79 sowings of'Whiteknights
Pearl'x'Annabel' not one sowing with white flowers. Well are known from a number of
varieties specific properties, that are often carried over to the sowings , The white of
the magellanica sport F.magellanica molinea 'alba' and'Whiteknights Pearl'
becomes reasonable carried over to sowings coming out of them. But are these white sowings
used again in following crossings, then comes the white seldom back. Allthough crossings
parents of the variety'Bon Accord' with characteristic rising up flowers, are not
known, this cultivar seems to carry over well 'rising up flowers' (see the descendants 'Toos',
'Upward Look', 'Vobeglo' and 'Gwen Dodge'). Pay attention to
the fact of the parents haven't a week root system, for example F.magdalenae and'La
Campanella' (see in the Fuchsia-info
Magazine on this website
article 8a. What have authors of fuchsias
yet with 'La Campanella'? and
8b.
Fuchsia cross-breedings with in it 'La Campanella' ).
Mother plants must
have always a good pistil, father plants must deliver good pollen. Look also well if the
plants are good growing and if the choosen varieties are well branching and if the
branches have short internodia (length between 2 pairs of leaves).
Select the sowings on
good growing out and unfeelingness for pests. By sowings, that will not grow well, we take
cuttings and see if them still are to use, provided that they then grow well. Are they
fertile, use them then only for crossing further. Do this in advance by a pollination of
the variety himself with pollen of a sister-sowing; then the chance is the greatest yet
still to reach the supposed aim.
Don't give up too
quick when crossings didn't succeed., search on to crossingsparents, that can realise the
supposed aim. |
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Manner performing a crossing |
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5.Pollination
- The pistil becomes besmeared with pollen of the fatherplant. |
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Pollinating can been done all the year, but goes best end August
till in Januari. Think by that in the monthes December, Januari and Februari the currents
bad are growing and a late pollination results then also in little currents. When by the
motherplant the flower is standing springing open, it becomes pushed open. The pistil then
must been besmeared with pollen of the fatherplant (pict. 5). This we do
so by holding a stamen on which is sitting pollen out of the flower of the fatherplant,
and push it against the pistil. After this the pistil is covered with a little cocoon of
silver-paper (pict. 7). This is made by rolling a piece of
silverpaper around a little stick or nail and push after that the undersite close. Push
off the cocoon, bring it around the pollinated pistil, and pinch this carefully at the top
flat with a pair of tweezers. So bees cann't carry over again pollen of an unknown variety
to the pistil. |
| Write on a stitch label the name of the mother plant as well of the father
plant, and paste this around the flowerstalk (pict. 6). Gather the
berry when it is ripe, the berry feels then soft. The gathered berries are made open
by pushing them open with the point of a knife on a piece of paper from a kitchen scroll.
The seeds are little and the colour is lightbrown, store them in paper bags by room
temperatuur. Green seeds aren't to store. They had to been sowed
immediately. Best time of sowing for stored seeds is Februari. Sow them on a sterile
feeding poor soil for slips. Do you suppose the soil for slips isn't
sterile, it can been made sterile in the magnetron by a teperature of 100°C. When this
soil is cooled down, put it in trays and afterthat made this lightly moist. The
seed becomes then spread on the soil level, but may not been covered with soil. |
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6.Stitch
labels - Write on the label the name of the mother plant as well of the
father plant, and paste this around the flower stalk. |
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7.
By shoving a little cocoon on the pollinated pistil, it becomes
protected against pollinating by bees. |
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Seeds of fuchsias namely are germinaters in light. Water the seed with a
mouldy preventing expedient and cover the tray with a piece of glass. The best
circumstances for germinating is placing them in light by a temperature of 20 till 24°C.
When the seed is germinated the little plants are potted in an airy pottingsoil riche to
feeding. The temperature for a good growing out must be 15 till 20°C. Take care
that the little plants get much light (no direct sunlight). Don't forget placing the
stitch labels with the (code)name or the name of the crossparents. Breed the young plants
outdoors after 15 Mai, you may not top them then. While we want that the
sowings are flowering as soon as possible. Flowers, that are flowering after the first
flower, are often different of the form of the first flower. |
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'Gelderse Fuchsia Info-site' -
 November
2008 |
